THE NEGLECTED THOMAS BRADWARDINE
In 1320 A.D., Thomas Bradwardine (1290-1349), studied at Merton College
Oxford and became chancellor of St. Paul's Cathedral. Bradwardine was a noted
mathematician as well as theologian, known as 'the profound doctor'. Bypassing
both the Platonic and Aristotlean traditions, Bradwardine studied bodies
in uniform motion and ratios of speed in the treatise De proportionibus
velocitatum in motibus (1328). Bradwardine was also one of the "Oxford
Calculators", studying mechanics with William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead,
and John Dumbleton. The Oxford Calculators distinguished Kinematics from
Dynamics. Their studies emphasized Kinematics, and included the investigation
of instantaneous velocity. They were the first to enunciate the Mean
Speed Theorem: a body traveling at constant velocity will cover the same
distance in the same time as an accelerated body if its velocity is half
the final speed of the accelerated body. They also demonstrated this
theorem -- the essence of "The Law of Falling Bodies" -- long before Galileo
is credited with this. In Tractatus de proportionibus(1328), Thomas
Bradwardine extended Eudoxus' theory of proportions to anticipate
the concept of exponential growth, later developed by the Bernoullis
and Euler. (The compound interest you study in school is a special case of exponential growth.) Bradwardine became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1349 but died,
a month later, of the Black Plague. Bradwardine is mentioned (as "Bisshop
Bradwardyne") in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, in "The Nun's Priest's
Tale", line 476.