THE NEGLECTED THOMAS BRADWARDINE

In 1320 A.D., Thomas Bradwardine (1290-1349), studied at Merton College Oxford and became chancellor of St. Paul's Cathedral. Bradwardine was a noted mathematician as well as theologian, known as 'the profound doctor'. Bypassing both the Platonic and Aristotlean traditions, Bradwardine studied bodies in uniform motion and ratios of speed in the treatise De proportionibus velocitatum in motibus (1328). Bradwardine was also one of the "Oxford Calculators", studying mechanics with William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead, and John Dumbleton. The Oxford Calculators distinguished Kinematics from Dynamics. Their studies emphasized Kinematics, and included the investigation of instantaneous velocity. They were the first to enunciate the Mean Speed Theorem: a body traveling at constant velocity will cover the same distance in the same time as an accelerated body if its velocity is half the final speed of the accelerated body. They also demonstrated this theorem -- the essence of "The Law of Falling Bodies" -- long before Galileo is credited with this. In Tractatus de proportionibus(1328), Thomas Bradwardine extended Eudoxus' theory of proportions to anticipate the concept of exponential growth, later developed by the Bernoullis and Euler. (The compound interest you study in school is a special case of exponential growth.) Bradwardine became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1349 but died, a month later, of the Black Plague. Bradwardine is mentioned (as "Bisshop Bradwardyne") in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, in "The Nun's Priest's Tale", line 476.