I can defined "fixed game" via a true story.

In the 19th century, a British engineer went on a vacation to Monte Carlo on The Riviera. There, in the famous Casino, while playing or watching Roulette, the engineer noticed that the Wheel stopped at RED a little more frequently than at BLACK. The engineer took advantage of this and won a sum of money by betting on RED. No, he didn't "break the Bank at Monte Carlo", but scared the owners.

From that time on, casino owners with Roulette Wheels installed a device which kept track of the number of RED and BLACK appearances. When they differ significantly, the Wheel is removed for a new and better balanced one. The House already has its atvantage in a Double-Zero on the Wheel to bring in a steady revenue. Otherwise, the House hopes for EQUAL-LIKELIHOOD of BASIC EVENTS. Any Wheel differing significantly from this EQUAL-LIKELIHOOD constitutes a FIXED GAME.

Dig? Under this or similar circumstance, the GAME IS FIXED WHETHER ANY PERSON KNOWS IT OR NOT. And gambling clients are on the lookout for this, so ---. Gumptious Gamblers don't gamble. They leave that to the Suckers.

My point it that, WHENEVER THE VOTING PROCESS DIFFERS SIGNIFICANTLY FROM EQUAL RIGHTS FOR ALL VOTERS, IT HAS BECOME A FIXED GAME!

This deviation provides MEANS and OPPOTUNITY. No need to PROVE MOTIVE. And, whatever happened before, upon the advent of Voting Machines and Vote-Counting Machines, THE FIXED GAME EITHER BEGAN OR TOOK ON A MORE VIRULENT FORM! This has been so during nearly of my VOTING-LIFE.

I'll clarify my point by another story, which I read in an Editorial in an old Astounding Story Magazine in the 50's, and have often taught to my students.

A calculator is observed outputting the following sums: 2 + 3 = 12; 4 + 9 = 20; 6 + 6 = 19; 9 + 2 = 18; etc. The writer notes that one might say that this Calculator "commits errors".

But wait! The housing was taken off, exposing a STUCK 7 key. Well, let's re-examine the cases. 2 + 3 + 7 =12; 4 + 9 + 7 = 20; 6 + 6 + 7 = 19; 9 + 2 + 7 = 18. All correct.

So, from this Standpoint, the CALCULATOR is NOT IN ERROR. It's just when the STUCK-7 is not taken into account that it seems ERRONEOUS. And you might suspect that, if it seems REGULARLY 7-EXCESSIVE in its SUMMING.

Do you understand my point? As with STUCK-7 Calculator, VOTE-COUNTING MACHINES began introducing ERRORS in the VOTING TABULATION PROCESS, often consistently, for that is the nature of MACHINES that suffer "wear-and-tear". But, just as the STUCK-7 might be suspected, and can be confirmed by INSPECTION, so certain REGULAR-IRREGULARITIES of these machines could be suspected and confirmed by INSPECTION.

Why not? Because the people who might discover this are not playing a Role similar to that of a Casino Owner, but rather play a Role similar to the engineer who took advanted of "The Fix". The general voters are the suckers who don't look into this. And the people who could and should help them are the Statisticians -- but do not. Is it Elitism or Naivety?

Whatever the case, these are consequences of allowing VOTING to become a FIXED GAME.