The Archangel -- FIRST STEWARD in HEAVEN -- allowed ADAM (FIRST STEWARD on EARTH) to NAME THE ANIMALS and TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES of Eden, and Eve to NAME THE FLOWERS and THE TREES. These NAMES were part of The Archangel's translation from Heavenly nomenclature into human terminology for use in The Manual of Operations for Eden Plantation. And this led to NAME GAMES in Eden.

Have you heard about the GENERIC NAME GAME, played by pharmaceutical firms? A pharmaceutical firm may spend years and spend millions of dollar in developing a new medical drug for a particular medical problem. When the FDA (Food and Drug Adminstration of the Federal Goverment) is satisfied with tests of the drug by this firm, FDA gives its okay for putting the drug on the market. The firm markets it under a special name, which no other firm can use for one of their drugs. The promoting firm hopes to recoup its expenditures and make a profit by big sales of this drug under its "proper" name.

But the FDA also requires this firm -- or any other, in a similar venture -- to license this drug to any pharmaceutical firm paying the license fees for permission to manufacture of an equivalent drug -- under a DIFFERENT NAME. This latter name is "the generic name" of the given drug. (The drug may have as many different generic names as the number of firms paying for a license.) Usually, the generic form is cheaper than the "original". Considerate doctors write both names on a prescription, allowing patient's choice of selection.

As with other activities, the GENERIC NAME GAME STARTED in Eden.

One sunny morning in Eden, to introduce the animals to the newly-ribbed Eve, Adam calls the roll of the various kinds of animals. To do so, Adam uses language that The Archangel had allowed him to choose or had suggested to him.

Facing the cohorts of animals, Adam sweeps his hand over one particular chorus line, naming, "Cows." Over another chorus line, "Aardvarks." Over another, "Wiggleworms." Etsettery. In so doing, Adam was invoking the TYPOLOGICAL MEASURE, for a whole TYPE (a.k.a. CLASS, KIND) of nameables. By his action and speech, Adam was MEASURING-OUT the TYPES (a.k.a. KINDS, CLASSES) of cowness; of aardvarness; of wigglewormness; etsettery.

But when Adam introduces Eve to one particular cow, naming her, "Antoinette", that particular cow presents her ID-Card and curtsies. At the naming of "Herman", one particular aardvark presents his ID and bows. At the summons, "Cuddles", one particular wiggleworm presents her ID and curtsies. By similar whimilars -- say, carding cows -- Adam invokes the NOMINAL form of MEASURE -- the "ID" for a unique member of a given TYPE or CLASS.

Now, The Archangel also allowed Adam and Eve to use GENERIC NAMES for these MEASURES. You know these GENERIC NAMES -- although you may not think you know them -- for you learned them in learning your native language and had to answer for them in "Grammar" Class.

The GENERIC NAME of TYPOLOGICAL MEASURE is COMMON NOUN. The GENERIC NAME OF NOMINAL MEASURE is PROPER NOUN. See! I said you knew them!

Guided by The Archangel, Adam PLAYS another NAME GAME which provides NOMINAL MEASURE surrogates. He orders a particular TYPE (or sometimes a mixture of TYPES become "PRESENT-TYPE") to "COUNT OFF!" Then when, say, the COW chorus line responds to such an order, Eve hears, "One", "Two", "Three", and so on down the line.

(Actually, this is the usual abuse of mathematical language: USING CARDINAL NAMES FOR ORDINAL NAMEABLES, instead of the correct, "First", "Second", "Third", and so on. At another Website, I describe how this confuses little kids, often leading to PARADOX, even MATHEPOBIA. But it's the TRIBAL WAY.)

So, for the time being, cow "Zaza" must answer to "47". And, to facilitate Eve's learning process, Adam requires each "ordinated" animal (to its intense disgust) to wear a placard bearing the NUMERAL of its "count-off". (Today, our game-athletes in football, baseball, basketball, etc., wear cow-type numerals on their uniforms.)

And while this particular NAME-GAME is often useful, it also invokes confusion, even paradox, even mathephobia.

Thus, confusion between SIGN and REFERENT -- that is, between NUMERAL and NUMBER. A NUMERAL IS A SIGN. A NUMBER IS A CONCEPT, and can be REFERENT OF AN APPROPRIATE NUMERAL. This confusion erroneously provokes an ARITHMETIC OF NUMERALS as if they were NUMBERS.

The Archangel helps Adam and Eve work their way out of this confusion. They learn that, when Adam herds forth three cows, and Eve herds forth two cows, their combined herd contains five cows. And they also learn that, given the cow carrying "3", and the cow carrying "2", the combination of these cows DOES NOT EQUAL the cow carrying "5".

You laugh and say, "Of course not, silly!" However, in "DIGITAL & ANALOGIC ORDERING IN EDEN", I show how a similarly erroneous NAME GAME stymies American Education!

TYPOLOGY began in Eden, and today plays a great role in many fields.

NOSOLOGY (Greek "noso-" for "disease", "-ology" for "study off") is medical TYPING of diseases. ETIOLOGY correlates disease with environmental factors. TAXONOMY in biology TYPES plants and animals according to species, phylum, generum, kingdom. And so on.

The NAME GAMES in Eden and East of Eden begat our SCIENTIFIC METHODOLGY and also begat our MATHEMATICS.

An ostensive definition is Show and Tell.

An intensive definition is a Bulletin for a Lost Child.

An extensive definition is the Family Album.

A nominal measure is an ID-Card.

A typological measure is a Chorus-Line of Similars.