Strictly speaking, The United States Government is not now -- nor has it ever been -- a DEMOCRACY, but rather a REPUBLIC.

Technically, in a DEMOCRACY, its citizens vote on every essential DECISION. The Syndicalists here and in Europe. One form of this was the INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD (IWW), which advocated "One Big [industrial] Union". (The leader of the IWW circa World War I, known as "Big Bill" Heywood, was protrayed in Warren Beaty's film, Reds, by Dolph Sweet.)

In a REPUBLIC, citizens VOTE FOR REPRESENTATIVES, WHO VOTE THE CRITICAL DECISIONS.

Our "Founding Fathers" used the political thinking of their time to write a Constitution for a Republic. And many of their ideas have lasted well. But others have been questioned:

1. only adult males can vote;
2. only adult males owning property;
3. Senators cannot be directly elected, only by the State Legislature.

However, beginning with World War I, we saw the development of a discipline, STATISTICS, which "spells out" REPRESENTATION better than political theory can do so.

In particular, we have a "Figure" to place against the "Ground" of Political Reality in America, at any given time. It is the DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY: the proportion of the Population belonging to different gender and ethnic groupings. ANY DEVIATION BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC-FIGURE AND POLITICAL-REALITY SHOULD CALL FOR EXPLANATION OR JUSTIFICATION. The GAP between POLITICAL REPRESENTATION and DEMOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION is causing increasingly difficult problems in our society, with little or no explanation or justification.

As soon as we can recognize this and began to deal with it, the better and more stable our Government and Society will be.

Is there a hidden Rogue Right to DISCRIMINATE? Is there a hidden Rogue Right not to apply STATISTICAL MEASURES? Certainly there existed in this country a ROGUE RIGHT TO "MEASURE" prevailing for 100 years after the beginning of our Nation.

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Can we statistically measure REPRESENTATION? I say that we can because of the work of the great statistician, W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993). The greatest honor a Japanese businessman can win is The Deming Medal, named after this man. After World War II, when America businesses ignored Deming's methods for improving QUALITY, Deming went to Japan and played a big role in Japan's recovery from the ravages of war to one of the great economic powers of the world. But I have in mind another role of Deming. (My personal note of Deming.)

In the period 1939-46, Demin was SAMPLING adviser to the Census Bureau. Prior to the Census of 1940, Deming did samplings which predicted the data of the 1940 Census so well that some suggested that we ignore the Constitutional requirement of taking a Census and save money by having Deming run samples every so often.

I conclude from this that we can construct methods for determining when the different "strata" of our Republic are being REPRESENTED.