Given G as ground set, structurable as a distributive lattice,
D, with P as its complemented sublattice
, define infix binary operators for elements p, q
in the ground set: (1) SJ (subjuncture),
, s.t. p
q
sup {x| p
q = p
x}; (2) JS (suprajuncture), p
q
inf {x|p
q = p
x}; (3) SR (subrupture,
, s.t. p
q
sup {x| p
q =
x}; (4) RS (suprarupture),
, s.t. p
q
sup {x| p
q = p
x}. These 4 operators can be defined on a
partially ordered set or parorder (PL). Their combinations can only be defined on a
complemented distributive lattive or distributive lattice. Definition (5): juncture
("conditional or 'implication'"):
; (6)
rupture ("subtraction"): \
; (7) O
{
,
,
,
. (The conditional can be defined via
complementation, ¬: p
q
p
¬p, hence, requires the ground of a complemented
lattice; similarly for its inverse, subtraction. Motivation, but not terminology for the
above is to be found in Curry17.) Definition (8), operators on O
: d is dual iff interchanging
sup, inf,
,
;
t is transposition iff transposing operational tables )interchanging rows
and columns); v is inverse iff v
dt = td. Theorem 1: dd = tt= vv = i (identity). K
{d, t, v, i} satisfies a commutative diagram,
SJ<--d--->JS
^ \ /^
| v\ / |
t| \ |t
| / \ |
| /v \|
V V
SR<--d--->RS
i.e., has the structure of an Abelian group on two generators (d, t
), i.e., the Klein Vieregruppe with the Cayley Table (PL):
|d t v i
d|i v t d
t|v i d t
v|t d i v
i|d t v i
Theorem 2: We have a SUBRUPTURE ALGEBRA: SR
{G,
}; a SUPRARUPTURE ALGEBRA, RS
{G,
}; a SUBJUNCTURE ALGEBRA, SJ
{G,
}; a SUPRAJUNCTURE
ALGEBRA, JS
{G,
}
. Theorem 3: A
{SR, RS. SJ, JS}
is invariant under transformation of an automorphic group on G2
, namely, K.--Note: The above commutative diagram is
equivalent to the Medieval square of opposition which began with Aristotle's
syllogistic logic in the 4th century BC, containing three claims: that the syllogistic
case of A (all cases) and O (no case) [below] are contradictories, that E (some cases
exist) and I (some cases do not exist) are contradictories, and that A and E are contraries.
(The diagram has appeared in logic texts since that time. Criticized very much in recent decades,
it still finds reference.) The square of opposition embodies a group of theses in
its diagram -- theses independent of the diagram. The theses specify logical relations for
four logical forms:
|
|
|
|
NAME |
FORM |
TITLE |
|
|
|
|
|
A |
Every S is P |
Universal Affirmative |
|
|
|
|
|
E |
No S is P |
Universal Negative |
|
|
|
|
|
I |
Some S is P |
Particular Affirmative |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Some S is not P |
Particular Negative |
The diagram for the traditional square of opposition is:
. Problem: Can this be
generalized to a group-theoretic relation between symtactic and semantic structures? between
mathematics and metamathematics? between logic and metalogic?.